New COVID-19 vaccines recommended for all Americans 6 months and older this fall

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced Thursday that all Americans 6 months and older should receive one of the new COVID-19 vaccines when they become available this fall. The recommendation comes amid a summer surge in COVID-19 cases, with infection rates rising in at least 39 states and territories.

While most Americans have developed some immunity to the coronavirus through previous infections or vaccinations, new vaccines offer an incremental boost. However, their effectiveness wanes over a few months as immunity wanes and the virus continues to mutate.

Data presented at a recent meeting of the CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices showed that most Americans hospitalized for COVID-19 had not received the vaccines offered last fall. On Thursday, CDC Director Dr. Mandy Cohen accepted the committee’s unanimous recommendation for another round of vaccinations.

“This year’s vaccine is essential to protect against this year’s strain of the virus,” said Carol Hayes, chair of the committee for the American College of Nurse-Midwives. Novavax’s new vaccine targets the JN.1 variant, while Pfizer and Moderna target KP.2. However, KP.2 appears to be giving way to the related variants KP.3 and LB.1, collectively dubbed FLiRT because of specific genetic mutations. These variants spread more quickly but do not cause more severe disease.

Recent data showed a nearly 15% increase in COVID-related emergency room visits and a 17% increase in deaths for the week ending June 15, compared to the previous week. Hospital admissions also appear to be rising, based on data from a subset of hospitals that continue to report to the CDC.

“COVID is still here, and I don’t think it’s ever going to go away,” said Dr. Steven P. Furr, president of the American Academy of Family Physicians.

The risk of severe disease is highest among adults 65 and older, who account for two-thirds of COVID hospital admissions and 82% of hospital deaths. However, only about 40% of this age group received the vaccine last fall. CDC researcher Dr. Fiona Havers said increasing vaccination rates among this age group could prevent many hospital admissions.

Children, especially those under 5, are also vulnerable, but only about 14% were vaccinated last fall. Many parents mistakenly believe the virus is harmless to children, noted Dr. Matthew Daley, a panelist and senior research scientist at Kaiser Permanente Colorado. Children may also help spread the virus once they return to school.

Infants younger than 6 months are particularly hard hit by COVID, but they are not eligible for the new vaccines. Dr. Denise Jamieson, dean of the Carver College of Medicine at the University of Iowa, stressed the importance of vaccinating pregnant women to protect both themselves and their babies.

Vaccine coverage is lowest among Native Americans, Black Americans and Hispanic Americans, the groups most at risk from COVID. Many Americans hesitant about the shots cite concerns about side effects, insufficient studies or distrust in the government and drug companies.

The CDC has identified only four serious side effects associated with the vaccines, although thousands of Americans have filed claims of other medical harms attributed to the shots. New data suggest the Pfizer vaccine may have caused some additional cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome in older recipients, but the risk remains comparable to other vaccines. The potential risk of post-vaccination stroke is still inconclusive, but the benefits of vaccination outweigh the potential harms, CDC scientists said.

There was a decline in health care providers’ recommendations for vaccinations, partly due to concerns about patient refusal and increased healthcare abuse. Despite the unanimous recommendation for universal COVID vaccination, some speakers questioned the feasibility of such recommendations in the future, citing the high cost of vaccines.

The Affordable Care Act requires insurance companies to cover CDC-recommended vaccines, but up to 30 million Americans lack health insurance. The Bridge Access Program, which helps underinsured and uninsured Americans access vaccines, will end in August. Ensuring universal vaccination may require a less expensive vaccine option in the future.